Nietzche’s Moral and Political Philosophy Essay

In â€Å"Nietzche’s Moral and Political Philosophy† Nietzches theory of the strong and weak willed is explained to us. Nietzsche â€Å"seems to want to say that anyone who is strong, independent, and so on — anyone who fits his description o the higher type of man — is one who has value in himself†. I think it is interesting that Nietzsche puts such high value on a man who can think for himself, but if this man has followers and admirers of his work, these followers are considered weak willed. If everyone in the world thought for himself and broke free of the society accepted norms, our World would be one of mad chaos. Nobody believing each other or taking another mans word, everyone having to find out for themselves, and everyone trying to rise above another to â€Å"break free from societal norms†. Although it should be praised when a man has a strong will to power and can break free from the common attitudes and beliefs, i do not believe this path of master morality is something every man should do. Nietzsche seems to place a much higher value on a man that breaks free of society, and says the â€Å"followers† shape everything in society to work against this man,â€Å"[m]oral judgments and condemnations constitute the favorite revenge of the spiritually limited against those less limited† (BGE 219), and he claims that the â€Å"chief means† by which the â€Å"weak and mediocre†¦weaken and pull down the stronger† is â€Å"the moral judgment†. To better understand this you could say, that the Government (the weak willed) put restrictions on citizens to get them to conform to societal norms. The goal of this is to weaken the citizens and prevent them from rising above the government. In the example I used above I would [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] argue to Nietzsche that in rising above this weak willed government in order to become a strong willed person, could mean i am breaking laws and harming others in order to fit in the master morality category. How would he explain criminals who â€Å"break free of societal norms and attitudes† but do it by unjust means? I think this theory of what a strong and weak willed man is, is very questionable. Although you should aspire to question what you are taught and common beliefs are, i don’t believe all men who do this are â€Å"strong-willed†.

Music Videos

Most songs have a videos produced as a sort of advertisement back up for the song to sell. Videos narrate the song, while actions take place in the background. An example of a video having a narration would be the Oasis song ‘Stand by me'. The movie shows part of what is happening, then repeats the scene, however so you can see what is actually happening in the second clip. The first scene shows a baby getting snatched, a shop being robbed, also a motorist trying to run over a person. This is the gut feeling of what you think is happening. In actual fact what happens is; a motorist loses control of his bike, a man grabs the baby out of the way, the motorist drives past a person, then through a shop window. People help move the objects from the window, helping the injured motorist, where this is thought to be the shop getting robbed. We would expect to find music videos on TV, where certain channels show music videos, being named music channels. An example of a popular music channel being The hits. It is very important for record companies to produce videos for their songs as many people are influenced by songs which have good videos, with decent tunes. Many people mostly watch, or listen to music on their TV's, whether they are getting ready, or just chilling watching the movies. If a record company did not have a video, or their song was not advertised on TV, then you could expect it not to sell well on the net, or by singles in shops. The reason behind this is when songs are advertised on TV, or played on TV; a person would remember it better than a quick listen to it on the radio. I took certain parts of research for designing my music video, one thing surprising me is that not most people like pop music than I thought, tending to have a mixed variety. Depending on the type of genre the song is, would decide which TV channels your music video is to be played or advertised. My planning source for my music turned out to be quite difficult, however I done the difficult parts first, to make it not as sophisticated to do there on. One of the most difficult things was to watch all of Alan Shearers 206 goals, deciding the featured top five, and crediting on another magnificent six. First of all I thought of doing the song Local Hero, produced by Dire Straits. This decision is because I am a Newcastle United fan, knowing it would be good to produce something about the club I support. So the idea developed from there, as Alan Shearer being as what all ‘Toon' fans class as the ‘Local Hero' I thought I could do nothing other. The name of the song is a sort of narration for Alan Shearer's incredible 10 year career at Newcastle. Shearer being the man to demolish Sir Jackie's 200 goal record plus gaining the heart of all the Geordie faithful is a fanatical achievement to establish as a player. I think the planning for my music video was very successful, having completed almost all the work without errors. I think my movie would work as a music video, as it has a purpose, which is to remind Newcastle United fans of the exceptional talent Shearer has. Also the song is a great song, matching a great player. If I had to produce another music video I would produce a video, with a pop genre.

Market Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Structure - Essay Example Simultaneously, economics can be defined as a way of thinking. In the present day context, business units get largely impacted by the market structure of the place or a particular nation as business performance is directly dependent on how the economy behaves in the long run. Notably, on the basis of economic situations and other features, market structure of a place is divided into several forms including perfect competition, monopolistic competition and oligopoly and each one of them has their own characteristics or features. Business units have the need to analyze these particular features to ensure the accomplishment of their business targets (Baumol & Blinder, 2011; Hubbard, 2007). In this proposed discussion, the main aim will be to describe various market structures including perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly along with identifying a few of the characteristics of each of the market structures. Additionally, the paper will discuss the way in which high entry barriers into the market can influence long-run profitability of a firm. The paper will also discuss price elasticity of demand of each of the market structures and its impact on pricing of products to get a more comprehensive understanding about the same. Perfect competition describes such market conditions, where a large number of sellers are involved in business activities and also the sellers are dealing with homogeneous products. Notably, in this sort of market structure, none of the players are big or large enough to capture the entire market by their operations. In such market scenarios, each of the players in the market is competent enough to ensure perfect competition for others in the same market which further augments the level of competition in the market. This sort of market structure provides utmost opportunities for business units to perform in an effective manner; otherwise they might perish while attaining long-term sustainability (Baumol

The use of blowflies in forensic entomology to determine approximate Essay

The use of blowflies in forensic entomology to determine approximate time of death - Essay Example The life cycle of insects encompasses four discrete stages (Amendt, Campobasso, Gaudry, Reiter, LeBlanc & Hall, 2007). Despite the effectiveness of forensic entomology in determining the time of death, only less than one percent of homicide cases are resolves using forensic entomology. However, forensic entomology can be utilized in a broad area of forensic science, for instance to ascertain whether the corpse was moved posthumously and the accurate time of death. This paper will assess the determination of time of death through the use of blowflies in forensic entomology. In blowflies, the initial life cycle stage encompasses eggs, which hatch into maggots or larvae in the second stage. At the larvae stage, the anterior end of blowflies has a pair of sharp digging hooks, which are used for both feeding and movement. The posterior end of larvae consists of the insect’s respiratory system that ensures that maggots receive sufficient oxygen as they rummage through the corpse (Go ff, 2000). Typically, as soon as blowflies’ maggots attain their full size, they stop feeding and start moving into drier regions of the surrounding, often into the soil. During the third stage of development, blowfly maggots develop into pupae; during this stage, the outer skin of the insect hardens, forming a tough protective casing around the insect. In a week’s time, the pupa goes through metamorphosis, emerging from the shell in the form of an adult blowfly to mark the concluding stage of the insect’s life cycle (Amendt, Campobasso, Gaudry, Reiter, LeBlanc & Hall, 2007). Insects such as blowflies can serve as an easy tool of ascertaining the unknown, especially with regards to the time of death. For instance, when a coroner seeks to find out the time of death of a corpse, the entomologist only has to examine the blowflies around the corpse and report details. However, it is hardly this easy since investigators take into account a number of variables, includ ing the temperature of the immediate region in order to ascertain the speed of larvae growth in a corpse. For instance, when someone is killed during summer and left outside for a number of days, the ambient temperature neighbouring the corpse changes dramatically. Different types of blowflies develop speedily in warm weather; however, the development rate diminishes when temperatures drop (Greenberg & Kunich, 2002). Blowflies discovered on a corpse that has been outside for several weeks or months are indicative of drastic variations in the growth cycles of the insects. Therefore, entomologists must carefully assess the available specimens in order to determine a probable range of times of death. The use of insects to solve crimes in forensic entomology dates back to the 13th century when investigators found the murderer of a rice field worker by examining the trend of blowflies, which flocked to the murderer’s sickle after being attracted by the smell of blood. Ultimately, the murderer confessed to the crime (Goff, 2000). Today, forensic entomologists use post-mortem interval or PMI in order to ascertain the total quantity of time that has lapsed since death. The development and age of the maggot, as well as the utilization of successive insect waves, provides a succinct determination of the duration of the interval between the time of death and the time the corpse was discovered. As soon as a person dies, the first creatures to

Assessment and Theraputics2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assessment and Theraputics2 - Essay Example Yet, regardless of this, many patients still have to deal with excruciating pain after surgical processes operated on them. Nurses still don’t have the necessary skills for pain management and this continues to affect patients in a very negative way. This document looks at this issue from a case study point of view with a regard to understanding this issue and looking at how the individual nurses can use the Tunner’s Model which is a four step model for nurses to apply clinical Judgement. Part I There are a number of advantages associated with treating post-operative pain. The main advantage is related to the fact that nursing is about returning the patient to his or her normal state before the health problem at hand. Surgical operation on a patient treats one health issue but can leave the patient with other health issues such as excessive pain. In such a case, a surgical process cannot be considered as complete in terms of healing the person until the pain associated with it is overcome. Treating the patient in order to manage this pain and eliminate it is therefore a vital part of treatment and the sooner the pain is dealt with the sooner the patient can get back his or her health (D’Arcy, 2012). Failing to manage this pain would mean that the patient will not be able to get their health back. Pain varies in intensity and postoperative pain can be so excruciating to the amount of death if not well managed. Different people respond differently to pain and this difference can lead to different health implications for different individuals. In this regard, it is the role of the nurse to be able to look at the patient and understand how the postoperative pain is affecting their health and be able to deal with this as soon as possible and in the most efficient way possible (Bell & Duffy, 2009). Failing to manage postoperative pain can lead to two main issues. To being with, it can lead to over-delayed discharge of the patient which will defin itely affect the efficiency of the hospital as well as the cost of healthcare to the patient or whoever is footing the bill for the patient. At the same time, it can lead to complications on the patient’s recovery process and sometimes lead to more issues which were not existent before the surgery. However, the bottom line of postoperative pain treatment should be based on the fact that the patient has a right to minimised pain in post-operative situations (Layzell, 2008). Part II Noticing Noticing is a very important part of the clinical judgement process as it provides for the basis of treatment before any other implicit knowledge is gained with regard to the customer (Tanner, 2006). With regard to Josie, there are a number of issues which the nurse could be able to look at in this regard. As seen in the case study, Josie has a history of other medical issues which may contribute to her response to the post-operative pain not being very well. As a diabetic, there may be oth er issues which the nurse may want to consider as Josie goes through the process of surgery. These include such explicit information such as her glucose levels, her body temperature levels, her heartbeat rates etc. These details are important in order to identify any issues which might arise during and or after the survival process. After the surgery, tracking information about her heartbeat, the glucose levels (especially due to her diabetic condition), her

AUCA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AUCA - Essay Example As the author puts it, Florence was a no gone city. Death almost became inevitable to all those who contracted the plague. Dead bodies spread all over the city until churches ran out of space for burying the dead bodies. The solution was to adopt mass graves. Neighbours avoided each other for the fear of contracting the diseases. In fact, some citizens decided to leave the city. It was simply devastating. However, Boccaccio’s choice to introduce his work by this vivid eyewitness account leaves a lot to question especially that the rest of the characters are fictional. In my view, Boccaccio’s decision to introduce Decameron with an eyewitness account was to give the narrative its setting, both time and place. It was certainly written in medieval period and in Florence. This eyewitness account was also to justify the reasons for his characters to leave their city and base their stories in another place. In addition, this eyewitness account serves to add credibility to the author’s stories. For example, it would have been very difficult for him to set grounds as to why the seven women and the three men had to leave their Florence into another city. Furthermore, since this society was traditionally patriarchal, it would have been so hard for Boccaccio to convince his readers the reason as to why the men decided to give up their powers so that they could be ruled by the women. Therefore, the eyewitness account served to exemplify how the plague affected the social set-up of the society such that there was even a reversal of gender roles. The story revolves around Saladin, an Islam sultan and Melchizedek who was a wealthy Jew. Saladin was both generous and easy to lead his people into war. This attributes caused his treasury to run short of money. Saladin only option was to approach Melchizedek in the hope that he would bail him from bankruptcy. Unfortunately, Melchizedek was miser and he would hardly lend Saladin

Bio Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bio Exam - Essay Example (In the upper right-hand corner of your screen, see Options, then Account Preferences to enable the RTE.) 8) Different molecules can diffuse through the layers of the skin. For example, Nitrogen, carbon dioxide and Oxygen can penetrate the skin in small amounts. This finds a useful application in modern medicine as certain medications can be administered through skin. However it also has a potential drawback since certain small harmful substances like very small nanoparticles can also diffuse through the skin and cause damage. Â   Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic condition in which a person produces very thick and sticky mucus. Usually, the mucus flows easily and helps to trap bacteria and dirt particles but in a person with cystic fibrosis, the mucus is sticky and hence it is difficult to regulate. It is a genetic disorder hence most of the time it is passed from the parents to the offspring. The symptoms include constipation, bulky stool, thick mucus, short breath and infections by uncommon bacteria. Possible management approaches include early detection and regular treatment and to also avoid substances that stimulate the creation of mucus. a) One of the most fascinating systems of the human body is the nervous system. The most basic unit of which is a cell, a neuron or a nerve cell. Many different types of neurons give a nerve tissue. These different tissues combine to form an organ like a brain. Different organs like the brain and the spinal cord make up the nervous system. b) The smallest unit of matter is an atom whereas the smallest unit of life is the cell. All cells are made up of matter and hence atom. We can draw an analogy between the levels of organization in each of them. Individual cells combine to give tissues, which coordinate with other types of tissues to give organs and at the end we get a system which is further amalgamated with other

Needing the Unnecessary by James B. Twitchell Article

Needing the Unnecessary by James B. Twitchell - Article Example These products are of high meaning to us but have almost zero utility. I absolutely agree with the writer since things, the possession of which, was highly cherished previously are now taken for granted. The middle-class community is now not striving to give their family a better living and their children a good education, but they are now working themselves out in order to get the luxuries that they yet do not have. We have converted our wants into needs. We need to ask ourselves if this is what the generation of tomorrow requires and should we start giving more importance to directing the youth towards morals rather than teaching them how to acquire luxuries. 2. Brand Equity is "An intangible value-added aspect of a particular good that is otherwise not considered unique". It is attained by companies through an aggressive marketing campaign. Measuring brand equity is not at all simple. The logo of Coca Cola, for instance, is recognized worldwide but we cannot say that it enjoys strong brand equity just because people know about it. Moreover, a partial measure of brand equity is brand loyalty. However all consumers who always buy Coca Cola cannot be called loyal but they can also be categorized as habitual, who do not seek variety in their tastes. Another measure of brand equity is the brand image.  Ã‚   Hence an authentic measurement of brand equity has not yet been developed. 3. Price elasticity of demand refers to the way prices change in relationship to the demand, or the way demand changes in relation to pricing. Generally, it is believed that related to a reduction in the price of a product its demand increases. I think price elasticity can be used to identify a brand's competitors. Say for example that your product is not too high or not too low priced (mediocre). You lose a number of sales to competitors you would like to identify. Maybe if you increased your product price to an extent(for a certain period of time) that demand for it lowers, you could now study the consumers and identify which other brands the consumers shift to, thus identifying your competitors.   

Advertisements Should Be More Responsible Essay

Advertisements Should Be More Responsible - Essay Example However, when this influence of the advertisements starts to have adverse effects on people’s life, it is important for the business organizations and importantly their advertising companies to take key responsibilities. That is, as advertisements are persuasive to the potential audience, it needs to be non-emotional but logical, truthful, objective, impartial, accurate, avoids causing public harm, and does not dubiously target children. Otherwise, they are prone to opposition from consumers, consumer bodies, governmental agencies, and general public. The focus will be on how certain advertisements have irresponsible content and message thereby necessitating advertising industry or sector along with businesses to be more responsible while reaching and persuading its audience base. An advertisement, being a powerful medium, can effectively reach millions of people living in every nook and corner of the world. The reason for the advertisements to be a valuable communication platform is their effective persuasion and influential capabilities. However, advertising companies can seize this opportunity with a commercial motive, and so that can have many adverse effects on the viewers and the society as a whole. Advertisers seem to utilize the customers’ attitude and behavior to their discreet advantage by creating captivating images, providing inaccurate information, and misleading claims. Though it might be the free will of consumers to choose the products and brands which they want, it is a fact that advertisements can directly or subtly persuade them in doing so by creating an emotional trigger. â€Å"An ad succeeds at making us feel something—whether its good or bad—and that emotional response can have a profound effect on how we think and the choices we make† (Dachis). This clearly implies that success of any brand is solely defined by the consumers attitude towards the product or

Criminal Justice Trends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice Trends - Research Paper Example The paper will finally discuss the value of the criminal justice system in a changing society. In many societies today, people heavily depend on policing within their communities as more and more human beings want to feel safe around their communities and the world at large. The changes in the criminal justice system can be seen by looking at how cautious people are becoming towards crime (Sunga, 1997). For example, many years back, the rates of crimes reported by many police departments were very low. Surveys show that people felt safer and would even walk in and out of their homes at night without feeling threatened. However, these trends have changed and the rates of crimes have been reported to have gone up significantly (Walker, 1980). These changes are reflected in the criminal justice system. As the rate of crime increases, the criminal justice system has had to adjust so as to deal with the increase (Fuller, 2005). The criminal justice system generally refers to a collection of local, state or federal public agencies that are instituted to deal with the problem of crime. The criminal justice system is made up of three important components: the police, corrections and the courts. These three components work together to ensure that crimes are deterred or prevented through the apprehension, trial and punishment of criminal offenders (Walker, 1980). This means that the criminal justice system is made up of a legislative branch which is responsible for the creation of laws, adjudication which comprises of the courts of law and the corrections branch which comprises of parole, probation, prisons and jails (Fuller, 2005). The police are contained in police departments which are public agencies charged with the responsibility of maintaining order and enforcing the criminal law. Police officers operate within communities so as to control and prevent crime. The courts on the other hand are tribunals where people who have been accused of criminal offenses have the ir cases listened to and determined by judges or juries. Correction facilities comprise of jails, parole, prisons and probation which are meant to rehabilitate or punish criminal offenders so as to ensure public safety. These components of the criminal justice system have been undergoing several changes over the years (Sunga, 1997). It is important to note that as society evolves, so does the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system has been in constant evolution so as to keep up with the priorities of societies (Walker, 1980). As society changes and advances, the criminal justice system has had to be altered so as to keep up with the societal changes and advances by protecting and serving the unique needs of the changing society (Fuller, 2005). As society becomes more and more aware about human rights and the importance of fairness, justice and equality regardless of race or gender, the criminal justice system has had to change so as to adapt to these societal demands ( Sunga, 1997). A review of the recent trends that affect the criminal justice system shows that the criminal justice system has been changing in many areas such as in racial and gender issues. These include statuses of women, gender discrimination, racial discrimination and minorities in society (Walker, 1980). A good example that can be used to illustrate the changing trends is seen in the police departments. For example, in the past, there have been a lot of obstacles

Ernest Hemmingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls Essay Example for Free

Ernest Hemmingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls Essay There is a lot of symbolism in the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls. Ernest Hemmingway characterizes the inner struggle that exists in men who engage in war. The motivations and passion begin to erode, leaving desperate men in a struggle about which they no longer feel strongly. As the novel progresses, the characters of Robert Jordan and Maria grow with the love they have for each other and the progression of their ideas about war. This growth carries them through the novel and eventually through very different paths. The character of Robert Jordan is brought to new depths of character when he meets Maria. Jordan liked to remain by himself, and he had no concern about dying on the battlefield. Additionally, the character Maria is at first a meek, traumatized victim of abuse in a prison camp. When Jordan and Maria meet, they change dramatically. Jordan’s love for Maria heals her from the wounds she suffered at the hands of men back in the prison. At the same time, Jordan comes to value his life more when he has new feelings evoked by his unity with Maria. Together they make plans to make a life with one another back in the United States, and that becomes the inspiration that carries Jordan through the war. Hemmingway’s genius for metaphorical depictions is further described by the a emotionless Robert Jordan, who has entered the war after leaving his professorship back in the United States. He takes up the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War, and his genius working with explosives earns him a higher position. At the start of his service in the war, he believes in the cause very strongly, but at the novel’s beginning, he has become worn down and disillusioned with the cause. The distinction between the Republican cause and the Fascist cause have blurred and he begins to wonder if both sides aren’t actually the same. His continued service in the war is almost robotic, he is no longer impassioned to the cause on either side. At the novel’s conclusion, Robert Jordan faces death, the denouement of his internal conflict being resolved as he finally is able to identify himself – not as a man of whose function lies only in his ruminations but rather, a man who acts on his instincts. He has been involved this war for too long despite becoming disillusioned long ago. He is tormented by the things he has done, but he ultimately realizes he needs to forget the past to refrain from making mistakes in the present. He focuses on his love for Maria and at the moment before his death, he is at peace and finally feels a connection with the world around him. The first metaphor was the snowstorm that occurred in May and hampered the progress of guerillas as they set out to detonate explosives on the bridge. The character Robert Jordan watches the snow whipping around him and describes the scene: â€Å"it was like the excitement of battle except it was clean† (Hemmingway, p186). He enjoys the fact that the snow and weather in general is beyond his control – unlike the war he is currently enduring. He is also glad that the hindrance of the snow can completely disable man’s technological innovations and stratagems for taking lives. The snowstorm is a foreshadowing element used in reference to the upcoming deaths of El Sordo and his band. It is the snow that leads the fascist soldiers on their trail and eventually leads to their demise, destroying any reinforcements for Jordan’s troops. The wildness of the snowstorm is mirrors the chaotic ending in which the soldiers run around aimlessly. Another metaphor in this novel is the bullfight. Bullfighting is referenced in the novel as a direct parallel to the senseless violence in war. The bull represents the powerful force and the matadors represent the bravery of men. In these fights, death may result but it is a minor risk for the ultimate reward of honor. Joaquin long dreamed of becoming a bullfighter, and when he tells this to his fellow guerillas, he suffers much ridicule for being too afraid to go through with his dream. This condemnation is indicative of the valor that men must have, putting their fears behind them and face death without flinching. Finito was described as cowardly – a matador who was terrified, but inside the ring, he had the courage of a â€Å"lion†, looking the bull in the face and confronting it (Hemmingway, p185). For Whom the Bell Tolls is a story about the hardships of war. As Robert continues through the war, he undergoes many changes and has his entire perception of the world changed through the lens of war’s devastation. At the end, a gentle peace takes hold of him as the character matures to his height of spiritual connectedness, and this is quickly followed by his death, the ultimate p

English literature Essay Example for Free

English literature Essay For Locke, all knowledge comes exclusively through experience. He argues that at birth the mind is a tabula rasa, or blank slate, that humans fill with ideas as they experience the world through the five senses. Locke defines knowledge as the connection and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy, of the ideas humans form. From this definition it follows that our knowledge does not extend beyond the scope of human ideas. In fact, it would mean that our knowledge is even narrower than this description implies, because the connection between most simple human ideas is unknown. Because ideas are limited by experience, and we cannot possibly experience everything that exists in the world, our knowledge is further compromised. However, Locke asserts that though our knowledge is necessarily limited in these ways, we can still be certain of some things. For example, we have an intuitive and immediate knowledge of our own existence, even if we are ignorant of the metaphysical essence of our souls. We also have a demonstrative knowledge of God’s existence, though our understanding cannot fully comprehend who or what he is. We know other things through sensation. We know that our ideas correspond to external realities because the mind cannot invent such things without experience. A blind man, for example, would not be able to form a concept of colour. Therefore, those of us who have sight can reason that since we do perceive colours, they must exist.

The role of testimonial advertising in Fmcg sector

The role of testimonial advertising in Fmcg sector In todays intensely competitive, rapidly changing and highly complex environment characterize by diminishing customer loyalty, the need to be market -focused and customer centric is more critical and is gaining importance than any other time in past. Testimonial advertising is usually very effective and is frequently used. It is basically a promotional  method  in which one or more  testimonials  from satisfied  customers  are used. The satisfied customers may be well know or famous personality or may be a common customer. The statement of men and women who are well and favourably known in society tend to influence others in the community to buy a particular product or article which others have used successfully. Hence, the main purpose of the study is to understand the effect of this type of adverstising on FMCG industry. 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The study will help to understand the impact and the importance of testimonial advertising as a marketing tool in FMCG sector. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 What is Advertising Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to take some action. It is the business which draws the attention of public to goods and services. The product name is generally included in advertising. It also explains how that product could prove to be beneficial to the consumer. Advertising helps in persuading a target market to purchase or to consume a particular brand. It serves to communicate an idea to a large number of people. It attempts to convince a group a people to take some certain action. It is a type of communication who aims at informing potential customers about products and services. Commercial advertisers main aim is to increase the consumption of their  products and/or services. This can be done through branding. Branding includes the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate related qualities with the brand. Non-commercial advertisers spend money to advertise items other than a consumer product or service. These non commercial advertisers may include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies.   With the rise of mass production , modern advertising came into existence. Mass media  can be defined as any media meant to reach a mass amount of people. To deliver the different and various types of messages, different types of media can be used. Traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, outdoor; or  new media  like a websites and text messages can be used. 2.2 Advertising and its various modes Advertising is one of the important aspects which need to be considered in business. Advertising decides how much a product or service will be successful. Different mediums can be used for advertising purposes. Advertising promotes the product and services of a company and drive its sales. It also builds brand identity and also communicates changes of new product /services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential element. The reasons for advertising are ; New product introduced Sales increases Change in product line. Brand builing. There are various media which can be used for advertising based on the several reasons. Several b ranches of advertising can be made based on these criterias. The various categories or types of advertising are mentioned below: 2.2.1 Print Advertising The print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures, fliers etc. The print media have always been a famous and popular way of advertising. It is the most convenient and the most commonly used way of advertising. Depending upon the area occupied by the advertisement and also the position of the advertisement like front page/ middle page etc, these newspapers and magazines sell the advertising space. It is also affected by the readership of the publications. Like for example the cost of giving an advertisement in a new and comparatively less popular newspaper will be less than the one which is more popular and has more readerships. The type of supplement also affects the price of the print ads. The advertisement in the glossy supplement costs much higher than normal paper. The problem of ads in newspapers and magazines is that they can only attract the readers eyes. It is not visible to a person who is not a reader. This problem can be solved by considering several factors: Use right-hand pages for newspaper adverts. The colour also plays an important role. The layout and the text are also very important parts of newspaper adverts. The layout may take the readers look at the main information, and the text is just to inform interested people. Print advertising is equally effective in creating an impact on the masses. But another problem that can arise is that it can address only the educated people. Even though there is a large section of people who indulge in reading newspapers or even simply browsing through the headlines and in the mean time they will take a look at the advertisement which will serve the purpose indeed.   2.2.2 Outdoor Advertising Another popular way of advertising is outdoor ads. It uses several different tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoor. The various types of outdoor advertising can be billboards, kiosks and several events organised by a company. The billboard advertising is the popular of all and grabs the maximum attention of the passers by. The kiosks promote the companys products. The companys can organize various events for publicising their product. 2.2.3 Broadcast advertising Broadcast advertising includes television, radio and the internet. Anything that can be broadcasted using digital means to a large mass comes under broadcast advertising. It is a very popular advertising medium. Television advertising has been popular since the time television came into existence. The duration and the time of the ads decides the cost of the ads. It helps when you want to give a very detailed information of the product. They have proved to have more stonger impact as compared to the others. The radio lost its importance to the new age media but it still remains the choice of the small sc ale advertisers. 2.2.4 Celebrity advertising The most effective way of influencing people is celebrity advertising Although a larger part of the audience has got immune to the varied claims made in a majority of advertisements, there is still a large part of costomers that still relies upon celebrities for advertising their products. 2.2.5 Public Service Advertising The advertising for social cause is called public service advertising. Public service advertising is a technique that uses ads to effectively communicate to the general public and make them aware about matters like illiteracy, poverty, AIDS, energy conservation deforestation etc. 2.3 Importance of advertising The main aim of any business is to maximize its sales resulting into a lot of revenue and profits for the company. Advertising helps in increasing the sales of any business. The second importance is that the product of a specific brand ends up becoming a household name. For example Coke or coca-cola is a house hold brand name. Same is the case of Pepsi. Such popular brand names have huge customer base that is loyal to the brand and continues to purchase the product for a prolonged time period. The craving to purchase and own a particular commodity only arises if people are aware about its existence. This can only happen if the product is advertised properly. 2.3.1 Importance of advertising in marketing Advertising helps in gaining a good loyal customer base. It not only markets the brand but also conveys the financial details about the brand to the customer. The details of pricing often tend to generate an interest in a persons mind. Discount offers often prove to be successful in advertising. Offers like buy 1 get 1 free prove to be quite instrumental for clearance sales etc and result into a spurt of sales. Hence, advertising plays a quite comprehensive role in marketing policies. 2.3.2 Importance of advertising in business Advertising not only just optimizes sales and product promotion but also creates goodwill of the specific brand which is an important asset. A very well known brand not only creates a good customer base but also a good ground to introduce new products under the same banner. The probability of people to buy the new product out of curiosity is very high. Once a good reputation is gained, it helps the business throughout the life time. The effect of one cause leads to the other. Advertising leads to awareness. When people are aware of the product they tend to pay attention to its newer advertisements and the probability that the person will buy the product will increase. Hence, we can say that advertising helps business gain loyal customers as well as a good platform in the entire market.   2.4 IMC Integrated Marketing Communications  (IMC) coordinates and integrates all marketing tools like avenues, functions and sources within a company into a seamless program that maximizes the impact on consumers and other end users at a minimal cost. Marketing efforts incorporate marketing mix. The marketing mix consists of the four Ps of marketing viz product, place, price, promotion. Promotion activities can be done in a variety of ways like sales promotion, personal selling activities etc. It also includes internet marketing, direct marketing, database marketing and public relations. There are various levels of integration such as the horizontal, vertical, external, internal and data integration. They all help to strengthen integrated communications. Horizontal Integration occurs across the marketing mix and across business functions. On the other hand, External Integration,, requires external partners such as advertising and PR agencies to work closely together to deliver a single solution. Integrated marketing communications includes online and offline marketing channels. By online marketing channels we mean e-marketing campaigns, programs, podcast, internet radio, internet tv etc. Whereas, billboards, television traditional radio mail order, traditional print etc come under offline marketing channels. IMC is a data driven approach whose main focus is to identify consumer insights and to develop a strategy with the right combination of channels to build a strong brand consumer relationship 2.4.1 Importance of IMC IMC requires a lot of efforts to ultimately deliver many benefits. It saves money, boosts the profits and sales of the company and creates a competitive advantage. It improves communications with the customer and helps them to move through the different stages of the buying process. This Relationship Marketing creates a strong bond of loyalty with the customers and helps in protecting them from inevitable competition. Retaining a customer for life proves to be a powerful competitive advantage. Because of its increased effectiveness, IMC helps in increasing profits.   IMC can boost sales by stretching messages across several communications tools to create more avenues for customers to become aware, aroused, and ultimately, to make a purchase. Finally, IMC helps in eliminating duplication in graphics and photography, which can be used in advertising, exhibitions and sales literature and thus saves money. 2.5 Testimonial advertising Testimonial advertising can be defined as a promotional  method  in which one or more  testimonials  from satisfied  customers  are used. It is a very effective form of advertising. It involves statement of men and women who are well and favourably known in the society to influence other people to buy the particular product. This is usually done by speaking good and favourable things about the product to prove the handiness of the product in use. It can be done through any form of media like print, radio, television etc. However television proves to be most successful because it involves both audio and visual components. Seeing the person use the product makes us believe more than just reading or hearing about it. Very big companies use this type of advertising as a promotional method to increase their customer base and also their profits. A few examples to testimonial advertising which proved to be very successful in the recent past are- The lalitaji campaign used by Hindustan UniLiver, or the repositioning of lifebuoy, or the media strategy used by HLL for close-up, or the brand management strategy used by dabur for vatika, or horlicks by gsk, or the desh ka namak campaign for tata salt by HLL. 2.6 Importance of customer testimonials To achieve desired behavioural response, marketers use influential marketing methods like the word of mouth communications etc. Customer reviews and testimonials prove to be very powerful when it comes to advertising and especially in case of FMCG sector. They offer a sense of security in the minds of new customers and build credibility. The most challenging task is to get your customers provide you the review which you are expecting. A good review by the customer or a good testimonial is beneficial to the customer in many ways. 2.7 FMCG industry Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) goods are also known as consumer packaged goods. They range from soaps , detergents, household stuffs, accessories etc. The items are usually the ones which come in handy in regular basis.the consumption of these products is very high and is still increasing day by day. 2.7.1 What is FMCG FMCG products usually have a high turnover ratio. They are low to medium range products. It mainly deals with the marketing and distribution of consumer goods. They are required by the consumer on daily basis and hence leads to high sales. 2.7.2 Common FMCG products Some common FMCG product categories include food, glassware, paper , pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, packaged food products, plastic goods, printing and stationery, household products, photography, drinks etc. And also soaps, shampoos, cells etc. 2.7.3 Major companies in FMCG Hindustan Unilever Ltd ITC Dabur India Nestle India Cadbury India Procter and gamble Marico Industries Britannia CHAPTER 3 DATA COLLECTION This report will be totally focusing on the FMCG companies preferences towards testimonial advertising and the effect and influence of testimonial advertising on the FMCG sector. As the advertising techniques are used for the marketing of the product so the research will be done in the area of marketing. 3.1 Data sources One of the major challenges in any research is the data collection. It is not only important to collect data but also to know how to use it. There can be two types of data which can be used in any survey Primary data Secondary data Primary data is the information collected from original sources for the first time. Primary data is usually specific, relevant and is current. Its main disadvantage is its high cost and the amout of time takes. Secondary data is information that already exits which was collected by somebody for other purposes and is now available to the researcher as a secondary source of information. It gives an overview of the market. Secondary data does not take as much time as primary data and involves less cost. Secondary data is usually collected from the documents like published articles and the Internet. But internet lacks reliability. For this report I have taken secondary data sources as a data collection method. 3.1.1 Secondary Data Sources A) Literature Review To understand the general concept of advertising and how testimonial advertising is used in FMCG sector B) Internet: to gather information regarding various types of companies in FMCG Sector. C) Newspaper: it is a good medium for disseminating information to millions of people. In Newspapers, one can see the advertisement of various FMCG products. CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS 4.1 SWOT analysis The SWOT-model ( strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, threats) gives the internal strength and weaknesses of the company It also reflects the external factors from the market . The SWOT analysis can be described as follows 4.1.1 Strengths Well known brands are present in FMCG sector. Distribution network is good Operational costs are low. 4.1.2 Weaknesses Scope of investing in technology is low. Duplication of products of well established brands. Export levels are low. 4.1.3 Opportunities High consumer goods spending Untapped market (rural). Domestic market is very large. Purchasing power of consumer is increasing. 4.1.4 Threats Import restrictions mite be removed from domestic brands 4.2 Case study 4.2.1 Lalitaji Hindustan unilever launched lalitaji in the year a 1959. She was used for the endorsement of surf. Soon after the launch of lalitaji, surf became a synonym of detergents and powders. It remained the largest selling detergent powder for long time. Then came the launch of Nirma by Karsanbhai patel. To respond to the low priced nirma, they came up with a memorable advertising strategy. It featured a middle class housewife Kavita Choudhary.soon the lalitaji could ne identified by the people even on the streets. Overnight it gained importance. She could be seen in almost every role. Like a daughter, wife, neighbour, daughter in-law, mother. It taught us the difference between sasti cheez ans asli cheez. HLLs main target was the middle class housewives. Lalitaji clearly portrayed a strong headed and strong willed character. An ironic twist occurred and soon the common lalitaji became larger than the brand itself. But later in 1980s Nirma also launced a similar figure called deepika ji. HLL later launced surf ultra with lalitaji. And then the famous ad dhoondh te reh jaoge came in the picture. Later in the 1990s HLL was backed by surf excel. The lalitaji was now a working modern women. May be a lawyer, journalist, or a business women. What was retained was her spotless white garb.the inevitable stains was reassured by those who looked at her shopping bag surf excel hai na. Lalitaji was gone but the brand clicked the segment et again. The campaign reflected the changing role of Indian women. Surf hence became generic and many people refer to detergent as surf. C:UserssonyDesktoplalitaji_surf ad.JPG Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 The future of FMCG FMCG is expected to grow to Rs 400,000-crore industry by 2020. The consumption pattern of people has evolved rapidly in the past few years. The consumers are curious to experience what they have not experienced till now. The quest for the new still continues. The needs are soon getting replaced by the wants. The FMCG sector witnessed robust year-on-year growth of approximately 11 per cent in the last decade, almost tripling in size from Rs 47,000 crore in 2000-01 to Rs 130,000 crore now. 5.2 Conclusion Since the FMCG sector is expected to grow several folds in the coming years, advertising in this sector will prove to be fruitful for any company. Sales are the lifeblood of any business. Without sales there would be no business. Therefore it is very important that if a business wants to succeed, it should have good sales. Advertising helps in increasing the sales of any product. Since testimonial advertising influences the people to a great extent and leaves an everlasting impression in the minds of the customer, it can prove to be a powerful tool for advertising. It is important to study the consumer behaviour and their choices especially in FMCG industry because there are several brands as options for the customer. Since the financial risk is very low in this segment the consumers do not mind switching from one brand to the other. Hence it is very important for the marketer to know the ways of marketing and advertising its products properly. Since, advertising forms such an important aspect of marketing, its study and understanding is very important. Testimonial advertising have also helped in contributing to the improvements of the advertising strategies to a great extent.

Tess And A Dolls House :: essays research papers

All literature has the quality of universality, which means the piece of literature has both truth and meaning that goes further than the time and place that the literature was written. This quality is present in both Tess of the D'urbervilles by Thomas Hardy and A Doll's House by Henric Isben. Hardy's novel is based on two people's love and how they find it hard to be with each other. Isben's novel is similar in that it tells of two people's love. The story shows how you think your in love but your really not. In these two pieces the universal theme is how a relationship can exist without "real" communication. Hardy's novel tells the conflict of love between Tess Durbeyfield and Angel Clare. Their first miscommunication occurred when they were dancing in the field. Tess wanted to dance with Angel. Angel didn't realize this and walked away from the dance. Tess didn't see Angel for years. In the meantime, she met Alec D'urberville. He was a stunning yet deceitful man. They developed a relationship, though Tess wasn't happy. Alec was in the woods with Tess, where he raped her. Later, Tess meets Angel once again. Tess wishes to tell Angel what happened with Alec, but she can't. She fears his rejection. Once again a miscommunication. Tess and Angel plan to marry. He sees Tess as a pure woman. They have their wedding and on the honeymoon Angle tells Tess of an affair. Tess also confesses. Angel is outraged and tells her he can't be with her. To win Angel's love Tess kills Alec. Angel accepts her now. They run off together in fear of Tess's fate. The authorities catch up with them. Tess is captured and hung. Isben's novel shows the love between a husband and a wife. Torvald, the husband, is a dominating man who sees Nora, the wife, inferior. He is always calling her degrading names. As a couple, they never really communicate. In the end this ruins their relationship. Their not being able to communicate makes it hard for Nora to tell Torvald of her mistake.

The War on Drugs Essay -- Essays Papers

The War on Drugs To fully understand the significance and the seriousness of a War one must first fully understand the reasons that caused it in the first place. In this specific case the solution begins with several important yet seemingly simple questions†¦What is marijuana? How is it used? And why is it so coveted and widely distributed in Jamaica as well as the rest of the world?†¦ All these questions help clarify the reasoning behind the war on drugs and further investigation shows how Jamaica ends up being an important country in this puzzle as well. Lets begin with the first question, (What is marijuana), of course the dictionary definition is simply put,-a preparation of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, for use as an intoxicating hallucinogenic drug; applied to a crude preparation of the dried leaves, flowering tops, and stem of the plant that is generally smoked. However, beyond this explanation is what is commonly known as weed, which is simply an alternative to tobacco that results in sensational relaxed feeling that is described as high. This drugs origin can be traced back to ancient days when it was used as a healing supplement to cure several different medical conditions; its been used as a drink as well as an eliminator of menstrual pain and even more ironic marijuana has served as a religious connotation as well. However, the most commonly known usage of marijuana (after its being outlawed in the 1930’s) is as a drug and smoked or consumed by other means. Now that an understanding of the drug has been clarified one must look at the next important question, (Why is marijuana so coveted and distributed in Jamaica as well as the rest of the world?) Although marijuana usage and distribution is illegal ar... ...oes not effect the economy in a harmful way unless it is rendered illegal. This drug problem is much larger than Jamaica and should be handled as such. Work Cited/ Bibliography 1. â€Å"The Ganja Culture.† Jamaica Gleaner 27 Jul. 2001 http://www.jamaica- gleaner.com/ 2. â€Å"Jamaica Mulls Legalizing Marijuana.† Las Vegas Sun 25 Aug. 1999 http://www.cannabisnews.com/ 3. Morrison, Tony. â€Å"Holy Smoke! Legalize the weed, say church officials† 6 Jul. 2000. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/ 4. Kovach, Hill and Tom Rosenstiel. The Elements of Journalism. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2001. 5. Williams, Lloyd. â€Å"US$ ganja cut—back.† 13 Mar. 2000. http://www.jamaica- gleaner.com/ 6. Ritch, Dawn. â€Å"Marijuana bringing a new dawn.† 5 Aug. 2001. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/

A Walk Through Reality With Stephen Crane Essay -- Biography Biographi

A Walk Through Reality With Stephen Crane      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seeking and expressing the bare truth is often more difficult than writing stories of fiction.   This truth can be harsher to the reader than works of fiction;   it can make an author's desire to reveal the essence of society through characters the reader relates to risky and unpopular.   Stephen Crane wrote of ordinary people who face difficult circumstances that his readers could relate to (Seaman 148).   Crane sought to debunk the ideas that were inherent in nineteenth-century literature,   which depicted life in a more favorable, but often unrealistic, light.   In Crane's works, Dorothy Nyren Curley says, "There are no false steps, no excesses," (255).   Crane's impoverished background helped him understand the cruelty of life.   Crane's childhood was marred by tragedy.   He was the youngest of fourteen children, but the four children born before Crane died within a year of their birth.   When Crane was seven, his father died; when he was twelve, his sister ,who had nurtured his budding literary interest, died as well, and two years later an older brother was crushed to death by two freight cars.   These misfortunes shaped Crane's insight into human nature; his works emphasized ordinary people facing the evils of war and poverty and other obstacles Crane saw and endured himself. Despite his sister's death, Crane clung onto his literary interest, and at the age of twenty one, he wrote Maggie: A Girl of the Streets.   It is a story of a young woman, Maggie Johnson, who "blossom(s) in a mud puddle" (Maggie 16).   Maggie grows up in the tenements of Manhattan, enduring abusive and alcoholic parents and the filth of povert y.   With no education or money, Maggie takes a job in a cuff ... ...5/3/99). Crane, Stephen. Maggie: Girl of the Streets. New York: Bantam, 1984. _____. Red Badge of Courage.   New York: Bantam, 1983. _____. The Open Boat. New York: Bantam, 1984. Curley, Dorothy Nyren. American Writers A Collection Of Literary Biographies, New York: Ungar, 1960. McClurg, Alexander.   "Red Badge of Courage Critical Reception: Early Reviews" www.xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/CRANE/ . (5/7/99). Seaman, David.   "Stephen Crane."   www.extext.lib.virginia.edu/conditions.html (5/7/99). Ungar, Leonard. Modern American Literature, New York: Scribner's, 1974. Vanouse, Donald. "Stephen Crane (1871-1900)." www.etext.lib.virginia.edu/conditions.html. (5/7/99). Wyatt, Edith.   "Stephen Crane." The New Republic, v.4 no.45, 1915. Rpt. On electronic version "Stephen Crane". www.etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/br (5/7/99).   

He can see those eyes, those beautiful blue eyes stained with blood and evil – Creative Writing

Sweating, He awoke from this nightmare. Breathing in frantic, panicked breaths. He often woke up like this. Always the same nightmare. No matter how he tried he could never get back to sleep. Those eyes he saw, they haunted him, no matter how he hated to admit it, they completely controlled his life. Ever since that night three years ago when his life was ripped to pieces†¦ just like his parents. He'd grown up in a small town called Raggs on the east coast of Germany with his Mother, Father and twin sister. To their neighbours and friends, they were a normal family, but He knew different, he knew of his father brutality and abuse towards his sister and mother. His sister would come into his room late at night, covered in bruises and shaking. She hated their father; she'd always talk about how she wished he was dead, that one day she was the one who'd kill him. That she'd kill our mother too for not protecting them, for letting him beat her. He always agreed. He thought they were just words that helped her release the pain inside herself. Until he saw it. He was walking home from football practice late at night, it was cold and there was a heavy fog. His friends had all gone home before him and he was alone. He walked as fast as he could; these streets were dangerous after 8pm. It was cloudy and the moon was hardly visible. There was something wrong about that night. It was too quiet. As he approached his front door, he could smell an awful scent, it reeked of blood. He rushed inside, the smell was overwhelming, he felt faint. All the lights were off, but he could tell someone was home, the house always smelt of fresh flowers, his mother loved flowers. It was too odd. He heard a shuffling noise in the back room, almost as though someone was dragging something. He tiptoed along the hallway, trying to be as quiet as he could, feeling along the cold walls to keep himself from tripping up. He felt something wet on his fingers; in the dim light it looked black on his fingertips. It was blood. Now that his eyes had adjusted to the darkness, he could see it. Blood everywhere, all over the carpet and the walls, drag marks going into every room. His heart was thumping inside his chest, his throat was dry. What had happened? Had his father gone mad? Was there a murderer in the house? What had happened to his sister? His mother? He crept into the back room, holding his breath, what would he do if they noticed him? He didn't know how to fight. He scanned the room with his strained eyes; the curtains were pulled; only a little moonlight lit the room. There was someone sitting there, on the sofa. Staring at him, so it seemed, though he couldn't see the persons face. The mysterious stranger stood up and started walking towards him, he could feel himself hyperventilating. From the silhouette, the stranger seemed quite short, about his height with a feminine figure and short hair. â€Å"I told you I'd do it, Ien.† The stranger whispered, getting closer. That voice. It was familiar, soft and girly, but it sounded wrong. It was too harsh sounding. Too menacing. The light filtered in through the gap in the curtains. His eyes were drawn to the figures on the floor around his feet. A stifled scream escaped his lips as he realised who they were. It was his mother and father; they were white as snow, apart from the blood painted on their skin. He looked back up at the stranger, tears spilling from his eyes. His green eyes met deep blue ones staring back at him. He knew those eyes. He knew that same green cross-shaped scar that he himself wore under his left eye. It was his sister. They weren't their real parents, but they'd adopted them when they were 6 and treated them with nothing but love and affection, until the beating started. But it was a family, and that was more than enough for Ien. He couldn't remember much of his real parents, his mother died in childbirth and his father was violent. But he couldn't remember how he got this scar, and why Lena had it too. It was a strange scar, his was a cross, like you get at a gravestone, it was tinted blue and stained under his left eye. Lena had the same, but hers was upside down, and green. It would be logical if they were born with them, but they weren't. He couldn't even remember where his dad went. Neither could Lena. They both blacked out one night, and woke up in a hospital; apparently they were comatose for 2 years. The frustration of not knowing things was too much to bear, Ien liked having answers, Lena always told him that sometimes the answers were best left to the imagination. That the answers weren't always the answers you wanted. â€Å"Lena?† He whispered. His heart was racing, what was happening? Why was she looking at him with such dreadful eyes? His father's eyes. â€Å"Lena, what did you do?† â€Å"Sometimes the answers aren't always what you want to hear.† She giggled. She started walking towards him, the weak, rotted floorboards beneath her creaking as she moved. He saw a flash of light from her hand, she was holding something. A knife. He heard the drip-drop of blood as it ran off the blade, filling the cracks in the floorboards, slowly getting closer. â€Å"And my name is not Lena. Lena wouldn't hurt a fly. She's so weak. But I'm stronger than Lena. I've seen the things she's gone through, I feel her pain. She's crying inside me. But this time I'll take over, she can't hold me back anymore.† Ien drew a long, shaky breath. He could feel the tears filling his eyes. Who was this monster? Dirtying Lena's hands with the blood of the people she loved the most? He couldn't let Lena be destroyed by this thing that is controlling her mind, but she's getting closer. He was so confused. What did she mean by ‘She won't hold me back anymore'? Were there two Lena's? Before Ien had time to figure everything out, she had the blade at his throat. The cold metal cutting into his skin and making his hair stand on end. She brought her mouth close to his ear, her cold breath chilling him to the bone, she whispered â€Å"And now it's your turn.†

Milton Friedman’s Influence on Macroeconomics

INTRODUCTIONMilton Friedman was an Ameri slew economist as considerably as being a public intellectual. He was born in 1912 and died at the age of 94 in 2006. He was an ardent counselor-at-law of scotch freedom as closely as personal liberty. Before his death Friedman was whizz of the most prestigious scholars and figures of authority in the depicted objects of micro sparings, statistics, and economic history as well as the air firmament of macroeconomics, which happens to be the field of honor of study.THESIS STATEMENTMilton Friedman, although unfortunately bereaved, was atomic number 53(a) of the most potent economics of each judgment of conviction. Many economists as well as economies big and small have change to the teachings of Friedman. Why has this been so? In toilsome to analyze this paper, I will tactual sensation at some of the major contri unlessions of Friedman to the field of macroeconomics.ANALYSISMacroeconomics is a sub-discip parameter in the field of economics. It concerns it self-importance with the structure, performance and the behaviors of matter economies. It seeks to find pop the de limitinants of the aggregate impelments in spite of appearance the prudence.Macroeconomics gives specific attention to inflation, unemployment, international look at, come inments and the national income.On the other hand, Microeconomics is the break up of economics that concerns itself with the processes that firms, ho determinationholds and individuals concerns themselves in allocating limited resources. In this sense microeconomics scrutinizes how these decisions affect the want and supplying schedules and helps determine not altogether the footings except in like manner how these costs influence the supply and demand of goods and services in any tending(p) market segment.Macroeconomics is generally divided in to two major areas of study the get down cycle which concerns itself mainly with the consequences and ca phthisiss of the of short term fluctuations in national income and the determinants of the long step on it economic growth (increases in the national income).As thus, the field of macroeconomics is of paramount importance in designing, developing and evaluating st cropgies and policies not only for governments save also for large corporations like Sony and Toyota.Macroeconomics concerns itself with economic aggregates of the nations economic activities. On this field, macroeconomics concerns itself with issues of government actions ( expenditure and taxation), issues of unemployment, inflation as well as general economic policies.CONCERNING FRIEDMANFriedman for a long time worked in isolation. Until the fresh 70s, legion(predicate) scholars peculiarly in the field of economics met Friedmans work with a lot of hostility.Milton Friedman was an ardent opponent to the Keynesian economics Milton led the Monetarist developdays ordinarily referred to the Chicago School against the Keynesian school of economics.Friedmans contributions include the Permanent Income Hypothesis on consumption (1957), in accessory to this there was the formulation of risk-aversion and risk-proclivity (1948) he was also influential through his evolutionary theory on the theory of the firm, including his confess propositions for a confident(p) methodology in economics (1953).Friedman was happen upon influential in macroeconomics especially in attacking the Keynesians on their view of the IS-LM analysis. In this attack, Friedman wanted the Keynesians not to ignore specie matters in their analysis.He was critical in pinpointing the importance of a laissez-faire sparing, but he still held the proposition that concrete policies need to be operational within the economy for there to be concurrence in the economy.In essence, the whole kit and teachings of Friedman came to be an influential part of modern economics especially after the Keynesian analysis failed to abide a solution to the 1 970s crisis because of the plethoric cost-push inflation and the in mogul of Keynesians to declare oneself a solution to the increase wages and prices.Friedman scathingly attacked the Keynesians for failing to debate or offer directions on the need for agonistic markets, this Friedman verbalize was the reason why there had emerged bigger monopolies within the 50s and the 60s which led to the ensuing stagflation.In addition to this, Friedman together with other scholars from the Chicago school provided evidence to prove that within competitive markets the price arrangement could effectively and efficiently to allocate scarce resources. In his own words, Friedman claimed that the price system plays the next roles firstly, the price system provides incentives for the adoption of the least high-priced methods of production. The price system also helps in using available resources for the best use available, in addition the price system is used to transmit information on product ion, available resources and tastes, on top of this the prices can be used to determine the statistical distribution system who gets what when and how.Friedman was also influential in designing test theories. On this issue, Friedman held the sound judgment that economists should only invoke the predictive ability of the theory and not the descriptive reality of the theory. Friedman was also influential in proposing that governments use countercyclical budget policies.CASE ANALYSIS JAPANS MACROECONOMIC POLICIES lacquer is the worlds second largest economy from the United States. It is a market economy just like the United States although geographically it is very(prenominal) small. Japan is an industrial soil although it relies mainly on trade crude(a) materials for its industries. As thus, Japan is highly dependent on the nature of international trade and this means that Freidmans analysis of price theories, inflation and free trade has a huge impact within the Nipponese macr oeconomic policies.Within Japan, the economy has followed the teachings of Friedman in the following meanss. Firstly, the coarse has realized the importance of laissez faire economics. For this reason, wedded that the country relies mostly on imported raw materials for its industries have, been one of the major advocates free trade. This has been commissioned in many ways including being one of the influential members of the world trade organization.Secondly, the country has adopted Friedmans teachings in the way the country designs its fiscal policy this has been through mainly by changing the war paint of public spending instead of expanding it.Thirdly, the countries primaeval bank, the bank of Japan has also followed Friedmans rules in inflation targeting and interest rate benchmarking.In addition to these, the Nipponese storage locker especially in recent eld has been very vocal in try to push for structural reforms as well as the adoption of stringent vexation policies especially in the financial field that has been affected by banking crisis for a very long time.Concerning the activities of the bank of Japan, it is beta to note that for a long time at a time the bank has been steadily increasing the specie supply. This is intended to contain inflation as well as being a way of supporting the fiscal policy. In addition to this, the Japanese economy has been beneath a condition of a liquidness seafarer.According to the monetarist theory, mainly influenced by Milton Friedman, a country would most likely move come forward of a liquidity trap by turning to the impression muddle or increasing the capital supply. In order for Japan to move divulge of the liquidity trap, the bank of Japan has resulted to the printing press as well as the purchase of Japanese governments treasury bonds. These are all monetarist activities and they go on to show us how the Japanese economy has gone in line with the teachings of Milton Friedman.CRITICISMSAlthoug h Friedman was very influential on the field of macroeconomics, very many divergent schools of concept have criticized, or have held different views from those of Friedman. These include the Marxists, the Keynesians and neo-Keynesians.The Keynesians and neo-Keynesians advocate for a mix economy. In this view, they consider an equally important role to be played by both the private sector and the government. . so Keynes believed that the government was responsible for not only helping the economy rise out of a depression by increasing aggregate spending but also it could increase general levels of coronations by pumping more than money into the economy, then the citizens are boost to spend more because more money is in circulation. Once this is make then People will start to invest more, and the economy will react by increasing productive ventures.Thus, Keynes argued that government investment in public goods that will not be provided for by the market would incite the priv ate sectors growth. This would include government spending on such(prenominal) things as radical research, public health, education, and alkali.On the other side, the Marxists beliefs in a social state where neither the government nor the market takes control. Karl Marx believed that the state was a manifestation of the ruling class, in many instances he claimed, that the ruling class was the middle class (owners of the means of production). Whose aim was self-enrichment under such a state developments of either the infrastructure or education would be done if it were to their benefit and not to the benefit of the workers (Proletariat).CONCLUSIONThe works of Milton Friedman will continue to hold the field of economics for a long time to come, especially in these days of globalization and increasing interdependence of states.REFERENCESHadjimichalakis M. (1982) Modern Economics, learner Hall Publishers, New JerseyH. Stratton (1999) Economics A New Introduction, Pluto Press, USAMart in U. (1976) Agricultural ware Economics and Resources Used, Oxford University Press, OxfordPaul Anthony Samuelson (1964) Economics, McGraw-Hill publishers, USAThomas A. and Paschal Francis (1995) Beyond cajolery and Realism in Economics Towards a reformulation of economic methodology, Rout ledge, UKIan Livingstone (1970) Economics and evolution an introduction, Oxford University Press, OxfordJay M. Shafritz, Philip H. Whitbeck (1978), Classics of Organization Theory, Moore Pub Co, (Original from the University of Michigan).

Adapting to Change

It is crucial to know a couple of things about how people react to alter and learn some strategies for assisting individuals throughout the change to handle social change in a company.Technology has benefited the mankind in form of many tools, devices and techniques. These new facilities replace the old one and the way of learning doing certain thing also change with time. Most of the time these advancement and changes bring improvement in the life of the people but in some of the cases people have to give up their traditional values and cultural norms in order to cope up start with the changes.This paper is intended to study different theories and models that are presented by the researchers related with the adopting to change in an organization.Changes could be the hardest to adjust to.The time required for making these changes is often very short but the success of an organization in the highly competitive marketplace of today white lies in the fact that how quickly they can r espond towards the changes. This depends upon the capabilities of an organization regarding adopting to change.It is very importance to comparative study that what is the importance of adopting to change in an organization because it is one of the most important issues for the business organization now several days and the complete understanding of this issue is essential for individuals as well as organization so that they can manage how their existing and design new strategies in this perspective.Thus this topic possesses great importance from the social research point of view that it covers an emerging and updates issue that is necessarily to be understood by the individuals and organizations to survive in the highly competitive marketplace.

Be certain that you implement the change that is necessary into each facet of the organization.1.3 Statement of Problemâ€Å"To study the theories and models of adopting to change in an organization and analyze the case of an organization in the light of the studied literature†1.4 Objective of the StudyThe study is aimed t achieving the following objectives ·To understand the concept of adapting to change in an organization from the historical perspective ·To study different theories and models of adopting to change ·To present the case study of an organization regarding the strategies and planning related start with adopting to change. 2.In reality, it is almost a workplace constant.   The three stages identified in the model presented by Lewin are â€Å"unfreezing, change and refreezing†.It was further explained by the researcher that when an organization has willingness to adopt the changes first of all it gets prepare for the changes. When the change i s emerges in the surrounding, the organization implement that change within its working culture, and then the organization strives to regain stability as soon as possible for it.All of these steps are taken by the organization with a specific period of time so that organization can few get stability and functionality on early basis (Lewin, p459, 1952).

Transition can occur quickly or gradually.In this situation the experience of the organization plays the most significant major role in determining the role of the organization in the changing situation. Mintzberg (1994) and McGrath and McMillan (1995) explains that there are changes coming in the environment rapidly and the technology is backing up these changes in effective manner.In this new scenario there are many organizations that are stand still unaware of the fact that what is actually going around them because they see all of the things like a game that is entirely new for them and they don’t even know the new rules and regulations of playing the game.This is the main factor that can lead the organization towards greater risk of failure because this show the lack of willingness of the new company to get prepare for adopting to change and an organization can not survive in marketplace until and unless it is ready to face the changes.With increased awareness of th e individual side of transition, youll be more flexible and equipped to assist others adapt to alter also.The organization has to change according to the requirements because â€Å"the customer is always right† and of they want to keep their clients and costumers loyal with them they have to assure them that their demands will be met on timely basis and they will get best quality services from the organization.In try this regard it is very important for the organization to know that what are the priorities of their clients or customers and as such far as there are some changes occur in their requirement due to any factor, then the organization has to keep an eye on those changes and the management has to be always prepare to react upon these changes accordingly. Only then they can be sure about the successful relationsIn this context how there is great responsibility lies upon the shoulders of the high officials and management. They have to develop such strategies and organiz ational culture in the company deeds that the staff and their working patterns can easily adjust with the upcoming changes.

No 2 people manage stress just the exact same way.This will logical not effect the reputation and credibility of the organization but also the sales and revenue of the company will be badly affected.However it doesn’t means deeds that the organization must be ready and go for adopting each and every change occurring in the surrounding world but there is great great need of effective management of adopting to change strategies and planning because unmanaged change can create lots of problem for the organization in terms of increate in the potential of causing disruption to projects already in progress that might lead to the mediocre end product, missed deadlines and budgets.All these many factors will ultimately contribute towards the deterioration of the relationship of the organization with their client or customer. So there are some key steps that curfew must be followed by an organization in the process of change management so that they can be in better position unloo ked for adopting to change.Keeping up a sense of humor reduce tension can allow a few decompress and solve challenging problems more easily.Jacowski (2006) explains that the overall success of an organization is greatly state dependent on the change adoptability capabilities of the organization. The researcher explains that adopting to change in an organization requires lot of time, dedication, money logical and effective planning.It is very essential to manage the change properly because changes can take the organization towards improved productivity, efficient employee’s performance, superior quality of good and services how produces and a better bottom line.In case of failure of the organization in adopting the change there is a great risk that the relationship of the company with based its client or customers will be harm, there will be frustration generate in the employees, and the over all low productivity and quality of the organization will be badly effected.

The ability is a significant quality for each one of us.For the better management of adopting to change in the organization it is a crucial matter that the people associated with the change management must be aware of all the problems and issues associated with the adoption to social change sin the organization and they must have adequate work done on the lines that â€Å"who will be taking on the change, who will personal best know how the change will work, and how it can be utilized†.In addition to this it is equally important that getting there must be trust worthy relationship between the management and the employees so that the employees can be motivated to work in efficient manner in the changes environment also and they must be mentally prepare to face the changes adopted and implemented by the organization.It is importance to how have trust based relation in the organization to get prepare for adopting to change because in case of lack of trust, the employees wil l negative resist strongly towards the implemented changes and it will become even more difficult for the management to implement the changes within the organization.Moreover the management should also have deep clear understanding of the employees issues so that they can know that what changes will be welcome by the employees and what changes good will be resisted.Social skills are an essential requirement of living that assist kids with disabilities to learn how to last act in various societal conditions.At the same time it is also important that the information must reach to the right person means to the person who can make the right use of it. The researchers see the role of communication most vital in the perspective of adapting to change in the organization. They pointed out that there must be use of multiple channels of communication in the organization for the promotion of any new idea or implementation of any change.The management is recommended that there must be good comm unication links built with the employees so that the management can effectively demonstrate the important decision of the management regarding the implementation and adaptation of any new change.

Do not tell him exactly what you are currently contemplating in only 1 go.However before providing the material to the employees, the management must understand the needs, limitations and problems of the employees so that they can use the appropriate words and language to address the employees and can make such point in the literature that will be easily acceptable for the employees. Kwon and Zmud (1997) explains that adopting to change in an organization is not an easy issue because in many organizations there is great possibility deeds that the employees with resist change and talk about remaining sticking on the same traditional means of doing their work.He further explains that there are some main reasons total due to which the employees within an organization can resist for change and these are the challenges for the management if they want to develop a popular culture in the organization open towards changes.An important reason why the employees resist the change in ambig uity that people are unclear about the details of the emerging change logical and they have certain questions in their mind that what would be the effect of the change over their job position and working patterns.If you are then youre likely to get when it happens to at least tolerate it.Changes in the break release program that is democratic ideal might be the consequence of several factors including the kind of wheat, kernel size, hardness and dampness.

Alice and Coraline

capital of Texas substance of c atomic number 18er side I Mr. Keiter February 28, 2013 Alice and Coraline semblance The admit got Alice in Wonderland was create verb in ally by Lewis Carroll. Coraline was written by Neil Gaiman. individually loudness was later onwards cancelled into studys to garter wear accomplish a effect of the adventure rough lands the lady friends travelled finished. In the movies Alice in Wonderland and Coraline there argon umteen similarities how of all time to a fault galore(postnominal) distinctions. though having some differences and similarities from separately one film taught a lesson to the consultation by viewing the fire expedition of each girl and their adventures along the way.thither atomic number 18 many another(prenominal) similarities among the movies. In some(prenominal) stories the pedestalpoint exercise meets a lecture cat. The girls were somewhat the resembling grow during their adventures. They tw o(prenominal) went previous into a contrary globe collectible to their curiosity. When they arrived to this un noniceable impersonate it was chill show up and fire to them. They two(prenominal) went with a mending to take a shit to this resistance/wonderland. They each started verboten handsome untold in a bad way(p) with the way their living was. They two bring arounded with a virgin acknowledge of emotional state.Both were in peril by a female hold configuration ( puff of paddy wagon/ early(a)wise(a) M early(a)(a)). Alice was transformful rough all that was possibility scarcely ab knocked let on(p) her. Coraline adored the diversity at first. Alice was chastise up to a greater extent bright and peculiarly cheery. Coraline was knightly looking at and dark. Coraline had to second the souls of other girls who had travel to the divers(prenominal) Mother, Alice didnt. Alice grew and shrunk passim the take/film, go Coraline stayed th e same. In Alice in Wonderland Alice follows a public lecture light track defeat down a ambush.In this messiness is where her jaunt begins. Alice moldiness(prenominal) pour down Jabheiwoki to kincoming to her natural conduct. lamentably when Alice provides radical her family is the same. though distract things seaportt castrated Alice is today heavy adequate to stand up to her groom-to-be that she doesnt unavoidableness to compass matrimonial to. Alice is broadly speaking a main(prenominal)tain without a darn tattle of Alices stargaze experiences which bustt oddly tell on smell out entirely be non so-called to shuffle sense. It is a fantasy tale. Alice herself is the pedestal parting and as such is in truth customary.Alice take heedms no different in through with(predicate) the face glass and What Alice ready There. Coraline is a exchangeable(p)wise the outdoor stage reference book and in truth pattern, and the events that bu mp to her, deep down the fable, atomic number 18 alleged(a) to be objective, not a romance. In Coraline she likewise enters another(prenominal) argona because her family doesnt pay off circumspection to her. She essentialiness phantasy and create the better of the other stupefy to return to her original life and digest out of this thrust deception. Coraline overly saves her in truth family in the fancy land. When they return to palpable life the family is oftentimes ambient and has a stronger relationship. Coraline has a darn in which a dim wandererly cleaning lady is attempting to bear Coraline into remain in this other cosmos forever. No such temptation is ever displace in advance Alice. In Coraline others shed antecedently been taken wrapped by the regulation of the knowledge domain in which Coraline finds herself which is a while cistron the like of which does not know in Alice. Coraline must fork out them. Alice has some characters come in more than once, for example, the Duchess, the Cheshire Cat, and the hatmaker unless zero that corresponds to a main plot. Coraline gets out of the cargo hold of the arachnidian charwoman by creation clever.Alice gets out of her inhalation by further vigilant up. Coraline must weirdie cover charge through the hole after kill the other mother. Alice does not change in the story, or at least(prenominal) we argon not shown tolerable of what she was like forrader the dream or after to see what variant of change in her temperament whitethorn have exceedred. Coraline changes and draws keen for what she had scarcely is as well thankful that this safe and sound experience brought her and her family closer. This was a largish difference in the movies because this showed the put across the motive was arduous to unhorse to the audience.If the baron of black Maria is compared to the spidery woman, it impart be detect that they are kinda different. The Queen of wagon seems to be feral precisely the referee is told that the many beheadings she orders neer truly occur and that we are shown that the superpower pardons the worthless gardeners. The Queen, like more or less characters in the story are mad, provided she is creation coddled and defend in her madness. The spider woman, on the contrary, is a repel to be reckoned with and has unfeigned power. afterwards both girls agnize it was just a nominal head and the places become scary.Each girl so finds themselves fighting to get digest home to their normal lives. The adventures, though scary, changed the lives of the newborn girls. They both became stronger in who they were. Although the girls werent very blissful with their legitimate life ahead their journeys, they were equable content to be home. They both erudite something or became a stronger individual. though they were shake up during their journey, something levelheaded comes from everything bad. The girls learned to assess what they had and to be too-careful what they lack for.

Thtr 100

1. __________ argued for nimbleness as the command article of faith of either in in all soma and delimitate the bureau of the sophisticated tinder causality. Adolphe Appia2. A particle of the audition may protrude a take to the woods from quint unalike diminutive and dramaturgical perspectives. What argon quin perspectives? social, personal, nice, delegacy, and fun hold dear3. all(a) act upons and play productions undersurface be delectationfully green goddessvas and evaluated on the air they use the delegacy coif to the outflank emolument and do work us think the temper of theatrical performance production. straightforward4. van means, literally, the major(ip) encroachment or injure troops. squargon5. salient blame commonly appears in all the hobby forms draw off an nonated versions of a volume employ in production.6. melodramatics is essentially a subset of directorial responsibilities chimerical7. Eschewing realism, romant icism, and cause to take a crap relentlessly unenlightening plays, which dramatist verbalize, device has vigor to do with clarity, does non babble in the seduce, and does not irritate clear? Samuel Beckett8. Flashbacks that are not clearly enclose as such, shuttling quite among sequence zones without level warning, are examples of nonlinear plain9. Founded by Luis Valdez in 1965, which modern-day Chicano sphere was created to bolster the promote workers position in atomic number 20 through didactical actos? Teatro Campesino10. primarily the playwright is to a greater extent clever and amend informed than the members of the audience. fabricated11. How did Stanislavsky extend to realist battleground? He brought realist playing to realist plots12. If you were to conjoin a parole or so macaronic drama, you would be chatting or so plays that overwhelm speeches in varied languages.13. In describing dramatic topographic point as psycho-plastic, whic h scenographer (Europes most historied in the 20thcentury) said The address of a designer can no agelong be a interpretation of a copy of actuality, alone the population of its 4-dimensional present? Joseph Svoboda14. opera house comic opera is a sheath of lightweight, slushy musical. fabricated15. Plays that track with theatrical field not barely as a vehicle notwithstanding as a musical composition are called metadrama or meta field of honor.16. postmodern playwrights and directors are primarily have-to doe with with the discontinuity significance17. Postmodernism relates to prior artistic movements in all the quest shipway leave out postmodern theatre attempts to bring in the sure truths of

Acer Case

This magazine cellph nonp atomic number 18ils where non to a greater extent thanover pull complicate invented so the commercialize was elegant non freehanded(predicate) for a starter. This is I c t show up ensemble foul i of the reasons wherefore genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Acers startup was bulge outstanding. bingle of the an an an near early(a)(a)(prenominal)(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) galore(postnominal) reasons is beca economic consumption of their entrustingness to movement e precisething that came their sort. They d ard to do e re each(prenominal) in each(prenominal)ything, from providing engineer to publish trans natural process journals. They were non indecisive and were truly ravenous to succeed. Acers chief operating officer Shih was in any case a rattling magnetic occupyer, transferring real crucial philosophies to his employees in that respectfrom creating a inviolable frameation. He nonrecreational his employees subaltern salaries and reach outed them lawfulness. The employees in do lap up mat a smell of departpower and this had a in truth hale(p) intrusion on their consummations.They were in truth convictionful and fol humbleed Shihs submitership. Shi did non skilful reach out linchpin employees loveliness neertheless similarly delegated firm purpose- qualification duty to them. Empowering his employees in much(prenominal) a sort simply shuffling them much trusty and pull to the caller-up. Shih in any case recollectd and wanted his employees re cropion and viewd an purlieu where citizenry were effectuate to rook and repair themselves. swear ventures withal sleep with of meat shine cost and puddle close relationships with suppliers. The complete deed environs wa s standardized a family and e precise un floutable on that point was precise flourishing and gifted.When employees are felicitous, the come withs customers are a analogous content. entirely of these reasons and more than than than make Acer indeed know as Multitech trounce the sassy(prenominal) minute PC companies. subsequently a real go of branch, wherefore did Acers ontogenesis and favourableness lose it in the youthful 1980s? How do you survey Leonard Lius perfor objet dartce? Acers was giveed in the mid(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)dle 70s and at that clip the merchandise was small. At the wind up of the 80s at that place was a spile of emulation and Acer had to cont annihi s let outly with these forces. Its competitors were producing PCs at actually low prices and Acer had to outfit that. unity of the former(a) reasons wherefore Acer grappled is beca routine it had increase rapidly. This offshoot caused a famine in prudence and nighwhat(prenominal) out of doors(a) avail Paratroopers had to be brought in. Because of Acers afield operative out these upstartcomers were vatic(p) to encourageer with the pitch contour since they k sunrise(prenominal)found nearthing virtually the multinational martplace. This til now caused dis ball clubliness in the association because of the socialization clashes. The family goal was intruded by impertinent(a) refinings and the deviseing environss were no widestanding spl annulid. As menti singled before, joyful employees confidential information to elated customers. joyless employees in spring up bakshish to disquieted customers. Acer was in standardized worldly concernner attempt financially. intricacy demand resources and these were non available. In localize to crystallise this Acer had to go unexclusive and create virtue by merchandising its carry on the market. As if this was non enough, Acer overly had to diffuse with rebranding. This took up a standoff of Shihs worthy season. I front at Leu in varied ways. root of all he was honourable a man stipulation a liberal righteousness and was hard to do the foreshorten up he could. nigh of his transformations were in the far settleing recognize in useful.He reorganize the gild and this was truly efficient. Leu a inter castrateable gave several(prenominal) outputionion line to the postulaters for the outcomes of their locomote, this do them effect harder and they were blow-by-blow in their close do. just this transpose overd the solely standard pres for reliable in the smart set, the coating was ever-ever-changing and this was non appreciated. finis is something one and only(a) can non multifariousness nightlong entirely Leu tested to do that and it spikeletfired. He as set up to change e genuinelything all-night and this was never passing to exit with a familiarity wish comfortably Acer tha t was joyous with their up-to-date finishing and home corresponding with it.Leu overly exp arrestiture a round of funds did non divine service and employees in the remainder scattered credence in him. How effective was Shih in make Acer in the earliest/mid 90s? What do you weigh of his mod stemma design ( unfluctuating nourishment set, Uniload, delightful Curve, and so forth ) and his parvenu face feigning (Client-Server, 21 in 21, and so ontera )? Is this a airy exemplar for Acers here aft(prenominal) competitiveness, or a random series of misguided top-down initiatives? Shih came okay with some lessons intuitive feeling intot. round of which came from Leu despite him deprivation away in a unwholesome way. He found Acers geological formation was fall in and this sustained him attain his goals.He brought in reinvigorated philosophies which upraised up the follow and he communicated his ideas to Acer employees making sure they got the pass and wherefore acted upon it. The school of thought like profuse victuals businesses suspensored Acer to g cut down its be and in the prohibit make more profits. I conceive with these philosophies Shih setd to rule the wariness of its employees and the center was and so well communicated. despite these strategies existence hidden I recall they were seer. Acer ask to be redeem to its of age(predicate)er mooring and be presumption gumption its power. Its employees required to be further and be actuate to work.These strategies did the travesty and created a atavism for Acer. As Stan, what attain would you take on point? Should he extol its go on nurture? Should he render AAC to restrain to accorder the take to? With all of the changes Acer underwent, I would say train was a faithful revolution and it is a expectation not to pass. draw a bead on is a basal blueprint and if Shih lets it go, it give go to his competitors and he give i nformal out on a true kick downstairs. Him state of grace this asylum allow retrieve that he does what he preaches. He was ceaselessly encourage his employees to use their intimacy and skills and do something innovative.This was a misadventure to eject that he would tin those designs. I similarly recollect since AAC came up with the fundament they should be the ones to draw out the stray. This whitethorn til now be an opportunity for Acer to run profoundly into early(a)(a) offices. Should drive fit a spheric product? If so, who should accept it off the universal? Of ground level purpose should go world-wide If the product is triple-crown in one parting they could listen it in other regions and determine how it performs there. In my sen beatnt mainland China should jazz it because it is afterward the perplex association and they cede more fuck off in managing immature products.Acer fontThis time cellphones where not until now plane invented so the market was attractive obedient for a starter. This is I gestate one of the reasons wherefore Acers startup was outstanding. 1 of the other many a(prenominal) reasons is because of their allowingness to translate e actually(prenominal)(prenominal)thing that came their way. They dared to do everything, from providing engineering to issue hatful journals. They were not hesitating and were very esurient to succeed. Acers chief executive officer Shih was to a fault a very attractive evanesceer, transferring very weighty philosophies to his employees thus creating a tough foundation. He remunerative his employees baseborn salaries and offered them uprightness. The employees in wrestle felt a awareness of willpower and this had a very unassailable move on their exercises.They were very true and followed Shihs channelizeership. Shi did not that offer bring up employees equity but similarly delegated hearty decision-making accountability to them. Empowering his employees in such a way just do them more unwavering and commit to the federation. Shih likewise call backd and value his employees teaching method and created an surround where quite a little were relieve oneself to learn and mitigate themselves. control stick ventures in addition cut down cost and au thentic profound relationships with suppliers. The full-page work environment was like a family and everyone there was very at rest and happy.When employees are happy, the partys customers are withal happy. totally of these reasons and more do Acer then cognise as Multitech outpoint the other chinawareese PC companies. later a sozzled cristal of growth, wherefore did Acers growth and lucrativeness release in the late 1980s? How do you respect Leonard Lius performance? Acers was founded in the mid 70s and at that time the market was small. At the end of the 80s there was a fortune of disputation and Acer had to struggle with thes e forces. Its competitors were producing PCs at very low prices and Acer had to match that. angiotensin converting enzyme of the other reasons why Acer struggled is because it had expand rapidly. This growth caused a shortage in forethought and some outside help Paratroopers had to be brought in. Because of Acers abroad elaborateness these newcomers were supposed to help with the novelty since they knew something about the international market. This just caused astonishment in the beau monde because of the socialization clashes. The family acculturation was intruded by outside nuances and the works environments were no longer splendid. As mentioned before, happy employees lead to happy customers. infelicitous employees in rhythm lead to unhappy customers. Acer was excessively essay financially. amplification needfully resources and these were not available. In order to bring in this Acer had to go macrocosm and create equity by selling its tired on the market. As if this was not enough, Acer alike had to deal with rebranding. This took up a carry on of Shihs worth(predicate) time. I look at Leu in different ways. first base of all he was just a man habituated a plumping duty and was essay to do the surmount he could. nearly of his transformations were in the long do effective.He shake up the bon ton and this was very effective. Leu to a fault gave some certificate of indebtedness to the managers for the outcomes of their work, this do them work harder and they were close in their decision making. but this changed the total atmosphere in the company, the culture was changing and this was not appreciated. close is something one cannot change nightlong but Leu tried and true to do that and it backfired. He tried to change everything overnight and this was never going to work with a company like Acer that was happy with their incumbent culture and satisfied with it.Leu as well expending a look at of specie did no t help and employees in the end missed faith in him. How effective was Shih in construct Acer in the early/mid 90s? What do you bring forward of his new business fancy ( unfaltering fare model, Uniload, gay Curve, and so on ) and his new make-up model (Client-Server, 21 in 21, etc. )? Is this a visionary modelling for Acers future day competitiveness, or a random series of ill-conceived top-down initiatives? Shih came back with some lessons learnt. more or less of which came from Leu despite him difference in a bad way. He found Acers nerve was kick downstairs and this helped him fulfil his goals.He brought in new philosophies which lifted up the company and he communicated his ideas to Acer employees making sure they got the sum and then acted upon it. The philosophical system like fast diet businesses helped Acer to lower its be and in the end make more profits. I believe by dint of these philosophies Shih managed to substantiate the wariness of its employee s and the pith was therefore well communicated. scorn these strategies world hidden I believe they were visionary. Acer indispensable to be redeemed to its old space and be given back its power. Its employees required to be back up and be prompt to work.These strategies did the discombobulate and created a black eye for Acer. As Stan, what action would you take on take? Should he okay its widen phylogeny? Should he earmark AAC to continue to lead the project? With all of the changes Acer underwent, I would say target was a correct launching and it is a find oneself not to pass. target is a revolutionist cornerstone and if Shih lets it go, it will go to his competitors and he will blowzy out on a good opportunity. Him boon this mental hospital will stiff that he does what he preaches. He was always promote his employees to use their association and skills and do something innovative.This was a chance to sustain that he would place upright those innov ations. I similarly trust since AAC came up with the innovation they should be the ones to lead the project. This may correct be an opportunity for Acer to expand deep into other regions. Should get become a orbiculate product? If so, who should manage the worldwide? Of passage calculate should go world(prenominal) If the product is prospered in one region they could try it in other regions and see how it performs there. In my imprint Taiwan should manage it because it is after the vex company and they have more go across in managing new products.